284Index

Abercorn, Duke of, 207

156, 158, 159, 160, 161, 164, 173,

191, 199, 212, 226, 227, 235, see also

Aborigines, 18, 20, 37, 57, 164, 165

under individual colonies and cities

Aborigines’ Protection Society, 20, 57

African Banking Corporation, 219

Australian Agricultural Company, 206

African Concessions Syndicate, 142

Australian wines, 152

African Society, 20

Afrikaners, 35, 36

Bailey, A. H., 223

Agricultural Labourers’ Union (ALU), 96

Bailey, Abe, 192

agricultural shows, 166

Bailey’s principles, 223, 225

Alberta, 111, see also Calgary; Edmonton

Baker, Archer, 91

alcohol, 156, see also beer; whisky;

Balfour, Arthur, 208

Australian wines

Bank of Australasia, 202, 213

Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft

Bank of British North America, 202

(AEG), 142

Bank of England, 179, 192, 204, 216

Amalgamated Society of Engineers

Bank of New Zealand (BNZ), 202

(ASE), 96

bankers, 184, 201, 202, 206, 207, 213,

America, 8, 18, 19, 38, 39, 56, 67, 68, 69,

216, 219, 221, 223

88, 92, 99, 101, 104, 109, 110, 124,

Barings, 199, 214

141, 142, 160, 188, 221, 226, 233,

Barkly, Henry, 199

235, see also United States and under

Barnardo’s, 94

individual states

Basotho people, 163

American Protestant Association, 88

Basutoland, 163

Anglo-American connection, 19–20, 26,

beer, 157

38–40, 104, 108, 109, 110, 168, 235

Begg, Alexander, 91

Anglo-American investment banks, 182

Beit, Alfred, 192, 207

Anglobalization, 62

Bell, Moberly, 188

Anglo-Dominion connection, 31–8

Benson, R. H., 207

Anglo-World, 19–20

Benson, Robert, 178

Annen, Kurt, 51

Berger, Carl, 32

Appadurai, Arjun, 111

Birchenough, Henry, 142

Argentina, 38, 41, 42, 79, 80, 124, 170,

‘birds of passage’, 104

172, 185, 188, 212, 226

blankets, 163

Asiatic society, 20

Boer War, 34, 100, 141, 186, 234

asymmetric information, 7, 8, 12, 61, 230

bond houses, 182

Book of Household Management

in the capital market, 171, 180–5, 219,

229–31

(Mrs Beeton), 155

Atlantic world, 9, 26

Bourdieu, Pierre, 50

Auckland, 202

Brassey, Thomas, 140

Australia, 18, 28, 38, 41, 42, 67, 71, 73,

Brazil, 78, 79, 172, 188

74, 75, 76, 79, 81, 83, 94, 96, 99, 106,

Bright, John, 68

115, 120, 124, 127, 128, 129, 131,

Britain

139, 140, 144, 146, 147, 151, 155,

advantages in colonial markets, 119–66

284 Index

285chambers of commerce, 145–50

Britishness, 5, 12, 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 36,

common tastes and consumption habits,

37, 38, 57, 60, 105–11, 106, 114, 154,

154–66

209–14, 210, 212, 213, 230,

exhibitions, 150–4

234, 237

official policy, 126–33

brokers, 199, 200, 201, 213, 220

patent systems, 143–5

Broome, Richard, 165

professional diasporas, 137–43

Bryce, James, 88

trans-national networks, 133–7

Buchanan, Dewar’s, and Walker’s, 156

British American Tobacco, 129

business networks, 59, 145, 167

British Australasian, 190

British colonial markets, 119–26,

cable news, 186, 189

see also dominion markets

Cadbury’s, 135

British Columbia, 73, 110, 113, 114, 141,

Caird, James, 92

see also Vancouver

Calgary, 70, 158, 182

British engineering

Canada, 18, 28, 32, 38, 41, 42, 43, 67, 68,

Natal electricity industry, 142–3

70, 71, 73, 75, 80, 83, 85, 86, 89, 90,

overseas mining, 140–2

94, 99, 100, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115,

overseas railways, 137–40

120, 124, 127, 129, 146, 152, 153,

British engineers, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141

156, 158, 159, 168, 170, 173, 183,

British exports

188, 199, 206, 208, 221, 222, 226,

235, see also under individual provinces

volume and destination of, 119–26

British imperial identity, see Britishness

and cities

British investors, 170, 171, 172, 177, 179,

Canada Club, 205

180, 182, 183, 184, 190, 191, 196,

Canadian Bank of Commerce, 222

204, 210, 211, 212, 215, 230

Canadian manufacturers of agricultural

and Britishness, 209–14

implements and tools, 153

and social connections, 204–9

Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR), 90, 97,

and the press: daily newspapers,

113

185–90

Cape Colony, 36, 71, 73, 86, 113, 127,

periodicals about the empire, 190–3

132, 133, 145, 148, 160, 161, 162,

the finanical press, 193–8

189, 199, 210, 226

British legal culture, 115

ceramic tiles, 158

British migrants, 19, 20, 23, 31, 42, 56, 65,

Chamberlain, Joseph, 126, 128

67, 70, 72, 76, 77, 79, 86, 90, 98, 104,

charities

105, 109, 114, 169, 209, 235, 236,

as promoters of emigration, 93–5

see also Cornish migrants; English

Charity Organisation Society, 94

migrants; Irish migrants; Scottish

Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, 144

migrants; Welsh migrants

chemical and tobacco industries

British overseas investment

market sharing within, 129

an imperial subsidy?, 176–85

Chile, 41, 79, 80, 188

patterns, distribution and volumes,

Chinese migrants, 113, 114, 236

170–6

Church Emigration Society, 94

British products adapted to colonial tastes,

Churchill, Winston, 108

156

City of London, 171, 188, 192, 199,

203, 216, 237, see also London Stock

British shipping services, 130–1

British South Africa Company, 126

Exchange

British tastes and culture of consumption,

clothing and fashion, 157, 159–66, 160

154–66

Cobden, Richard, 92

British Women’s Emigration Association

co-ethnic networks, 6, 21, 54, 61, 79, 118,

(BWEA), 95

167, 168, 230, 237, 238

British World

Colmer, Joseph, 205

consumer behaviour in, 117–19, 154–66

Colonial and Indian Exhibition of 1886,

definition, 6

152

economy of, 6, 9–13, 40–4, 56–63, 229,

colonial banks, 202, 203, 213

241

colonial chambers of commerce, 145–50

286Index

colonial consumer behaviour, 117–19,

Denver Street Railway Company, 209

154–66

dependency theory, 10

colonial editions of books, 128

diasporas, 4, 16, 20, 32, 111, 236

colonial exhibitions, 150–4

Dilke, Charles, 107, 108

colonial immigration schemes, 73–5,

dirigiste state, 11

89–90

dominion markets, 122, 125, 126, 132

see also British colonial markets

colonial importation of British products,

dominion securities, 171, 230, see also

119–26

Colonial Intelligence League, 95

colonial securities

Colonial Land and Emigration

Dominions Royal Commission, 93

Commission, 72

Dunn, J. H., 205

colonial mining technology, 140–2

Colonial Office, 73, 132

E. Moses and Son, 160

colonial patent systems, 143–5

Earl of Grey, 188, 206–8, 209

colonial railway building, 137–40

East India Company, 216

colonial securities, 178, 179, 180,

Eastern Investment Company, 208

182, 183, 184, 215, 219, 229,

Eastern Private Telegram, 190

see also dominion securities

Ebden, John, 145

Colonial Standard Life, 226

economic policy, 11, 12

Colonial Stock Act of 1900, 180

British, 13

Economist, The, 189, 191, 194, 196, 197,

Colorado, 209

comfort foods and drinks, 155

198, 206

commercial banks, 215–23

Edelstein, Michael, 176

conference system, 131

Edison, Thomas, 143

Congress of Chambers of Commerce of

Edmonton, 70, 182

the Empire, 146

Elder Dempster and Co., 130

constructive imperialism, 8

Emigrants’ Information Office (EIO), 73, 75

Cooper, Frederick, 26

emigration

Coranderrk, 164, 165

by women, 94–5

co-religious networks, 6, 135

from Europe, 5

Cornish emigration, 79

from the UK, 4–5, 6, 8–9, 64–116

Cornish engineering companies, 140

impact on networks, 55–6

Cornish migrants, 79, 86, 102, 140

motivation for, 75–7

Cottier, Daniel, 158

of British engineers, 137–43

Cowan, James, 151

of professionals, 137–43

Crown Agents, 132, 133, 199

relationship to the demand for British

cultural affinity, 12

exports, 117–19

cultural economy, 13–15, 44, 61, 119, 230

sources of information about

culture and economy

destinations, 81–97

relationship between, 15

to Australia and New Zealand, 71

Currie, Donald, 130, 193

to Canada, 70

customs unions, 12, 127

to South Africa, 72

to the United States, 68

Daily Telegraph, 186

emigration agents, 81, 82, 89–93, 91, 96,

Darwin, John, 17, 32

152

Davenport-Hines, R. P. T., 201

empire as a network, 16–19, 22–30,

Davidson, W. S., 206

56–63

Davis, Lance, 176, 178, 180, 181, 184

empire effect

Deakin, Alfred, 128

on investment, 176–85, 229

debentures, 176, 177, 178, 179, 183, 204,

on migration, 72–7

225, 227, 229

on trade, 119–66

decorators, 158

empire loyalty, 8

Delaware, 157

English migrants, 64, 68, 85, 88, 105, 109,

Denoon, Donald, 41

110

287Index

family networks, 65, 82–5, 84, 103

Grieser, N., 198

Farrar, George, 192

guiding state, 11

Farrer, Oliver, 202

Federation of the Chambers of Commerce

Hall, A. R., 194

of the British Empire, 146–8

Hancock, Keith, 31

female emigration, 94–5

Hayes Fisher, W., 181

Female Middle Class Emigration Society

Henry Willis and Sons, 159

(FMCES), 95

Hobson, J. A., 10, 70

Ferguson, Niall, 62, 177

Hobson’s Bay Railway Company, 139

financial institutions

Holden, Edward, 220, 221, 222

evolution of, 180–5

Holloway, Christopher, 96

financial networks, 198–204, 201

Holman Brothers, 140

financial press, 193–8

home decoration, 157, 158

financiers, 198, 199, 202, 206, 214, 239

Hopkins, Tony, 32

Fleming, Robert, 201

Hudson Bay and Pacific Railway and

floor and table coverings, 158

Development Company, 222

footwear, 160

humanitarian networks, 20, 57

Ford, A. G., 212

Huntley and Palmer, 135

Fox, H. W., 207

Huttenback, R. A., 176, 178, 180

Fraser Ltd., 163

free trade, 9, 12, 126, 133, 168,

Illinois Central Railroad, 92

Illustrated Australian News, 164

211, 233

freemasonry, 20, 136, 239

Imperial Bank of Persia, 219

Frewen, Moreton, 209

imperial banks, 202, 203, 213

Froude, James Anthony, 107

imperial economic advantages, 119–66

imperial economy, 9–13, see also British

Fry’s, 135

World economy of

Gallman, Robert, 184

imperial emigration schemes, 72–3

Galt, Alexander, 89

imperial globalisation, 62, 231, 232–5,

Germany, 20, 67, 110, 123, 147

237–41, 238

Gibbs, Alban George, 203

imperial history, 13

Glaeser, Edward, 50

imperial networks, 20, 26, 27, 30, 42, 57,

Glaxo Company, 134, 135

58, 60, 61, 62, 112, 114, 118, 239

globalisation, 1, 22, 45, 48, 59, 242

Imperial Ottoman Bank, 208

backlash to, 238–44

imperial piety, 170, 171, 179, 229

contemporary challenges and

Imperial Postal Order Service, 99

the past, 241

imperial press system, 28

cultural barriers, 7

indentured labour, 4, 18, 20, 66, 67, 112,

definition, 3, 240

114, 236

information barriers, 7

index of revealed advantage, 123, 124

intellectual discourse on, 1–2

India, 172, 177, 178, 190, 197, 229, 236

nineteenth-century, 3–4, 9, 10, 21, 61,

Indian and Colonial exhibition of 1886,

233, 236, 240, 241

150

political barriers, 8, 239

Indian community in Natal, 149–50, 186

process of, 2, 3, 6–8, 13, 14, 62, 231,

indigenous peoples and Britishness, 37

232, 233, 235, 237, 241

indigenous peoples and the British World,

role of empire, 232–5

57, 58, 112, 147–9

role of migration, 3–4, 111, 233

indigenous peoples’ consumption patterns,

Goodhart, Charles, 218

147–9, 161–6

Goschen, George, 208

Ingersoll Drill Company, 142

Gow, Charles, 216

Innes, James Rose, 192

Grainger, A. A., 201

Institute of Bankers, 202

Greater Britain, 108, 158

institutional investors

Grenfell, Arthur, 205, 207

commerical banks, 215–23

288Index

institutional investors (cont.)

London Typographical Society, 96

Lord Curzon, 77

importance of, 214–15

Lord Galloway, 207

insurance companies, 223–9

Lord Rosebery, 108

insurance companies, 223–9

Lord St Levan, 207

interlocking directorships, 202

investment, see British overseas investment

Loury, Glenn, 46

Lyon, John, 158

investment decision-making, 180–1

Investor’s Monthly Manual (IMM), 194,

Macdonald, J. A., 127

196, 197

Mackenzie, F. A., 142

Ionian Bank, 202

Maghribi traders, 167

Irish migrants, 68, 88, 110

Maguire, R., 207

Italy, 47, 67, 79, 110

Manitoba, 110, see also Winnipeg

Marchioness of Crewe, 208

Jameson, L. S., 207

Marshall, Alfred, 55

Jenkins, Edward, 89

Marx, Karl, 126

jobbers, 201

Mathers, Edward, 191, 192

Johannesburg, 102, 141, 208

Mathias, Peter, 53, 58

joint stock banks, 202, 215

Maw and Co., 158

Jones, Alfred, 130

McIlwraith, Thomas, 204

Joseph, Jacob, 135

Mediterranean Bank, 202

Julyan, Penrose, 199

Melbourne, 42, 139, 140, 144, 146, 150,

151, 158, 159, 161, 191, 202

Kansas, 93

Melbourne Centennial Exhibition of

Keynes, John Maynard, 180, 213

1888–9, 150, 151

Khedive of Egypt, 208

merchant banks, 182, 214

Kimberley, 71, 162

Merriman, John, 192

knowledge-based networks, 16, 20, 29, 31

Messrs Scrimgeour and Co., 199

Kountze brothers, 223

Metropolitan Bank, 217

Michell, L. L., 207

Laibson, David, 50

Midland Bank, 216, 220–3

laissez-faire, 9, 11

Midland Railway Carriage and Wagon

Langland’s Port Phillip foundry, 139

Company, 222

Larkworthy, Falconer, 202

migrant networks, 16, 19, 20, 28, 43, 64,

Latin America, 19, 42, 43, 78, 79, 80, 81,

172, 229, see also under individual

65, 66, 77, 78–105, 82, 115, 233, 235,

countries

237, 242

Milgrom, Paul, 54

Laurier, Wilfred, 127

Mill, John Stuart, 117

Lenin, Vladimir, 10

Mills, Charles, 189, 210

Leslie, William, 206

Milner, Alfred, 72, 141, 192

Lester, Alan, 17

Minnesota, 92, 93

letter-writing, 83, 97, 206

Minton’s, 158

Lewis, William, 80

missionaries, 67, 107, 161, 162, 164, 165

Lidderdale, William, 204

Missouri, 93

linoleum, 158

Mitchie, Ranald, 205, 206, 213

Lloyd George, David, 80

monarchy, 34, 36, 37

Loch, Henry, 192

money orders, 84, 99

London, 17, 29, 74, 96, 108, 113, 135, 144,

Montreal, 87, 97, 146, 205, 222, 227

146, 158, 160, 161, 171, 179, 184, 189,

Morris Beef, 221

190, 191, 197, 201, 202, 204, 205, 206,

208, 214, see also City of London

musical instruments, 159

London and Westminster Bank, 199, 200,

Nash, Robert Lucas, 190

220

Natal, 20, 72, 73, 86, 132, 149, 186

London Joint Stock Bank (LJSB), 216

Natal Caledonian Society, 191

London Stock Exchange, 171, 186, 188,

192, 201, 225, see also City of London

Nathan, Joseph, 134

289Index

Navigation Acts, 130

Portes, A., 59

Navy and Exchequer Bills, 216

Post Office, 65, 83, 98

network dynamics, 46, 51

postal orders, 84, 99

network power, 16, 241

Postal Union, 83

networks, 15–19, 45–64, 105, see also under

Powell, David, 204

individual network types

preferential tariffs, 120, 126, 127, 128,

inclusiveness of, 20–1, 243

129, 133, 147

Neumann, S., 207

press reporting of empire, 28, 185–98

new imperialism, 16

Preston, W. T. R., 89

New South Wales, 71, 74, 115, 127, 139,

professional networks, 29

140, 157, 160, 190, 191, 206, 226,

protectionism, 19, 126, 127, 169, 238, 239

227, see also Sydney

Provincial Bank of Ireland, 202

New Zealand, 28, 33, 38, 41, 42, 67,

psychic distance, 134

71, 74, 89, 96, 99, 100, 101, 115,

puffing, 193

120, 122, 124, 127, 130, 132,

Putnam, Robert, 47

134, 135, 147, 151, 155, 158,

159, 191, 202, 212, 226, 227, 235,

Quakers, 135

see also Wellington; Auckland

Québec, 87, 90, 91, 115, 186,

see also Montreal

New Zealand and Australian Land

Company, 227

Queensland, 71, 74, 132, 153, 158, 160,

New Zealand Company, 89

188, 203, 226, 227

New Zealand Loan and Mercantile

Queensland National Bank, 203

Company Ltd, 202

R. Nivison & Co., 199, 200,

newspapers and imperial reporting,

see also Nivison Robert

185–90

Nivison, Robert, 200, 201, 207, see also

race nationalism, 234, 238

R. Nivison and Co.

railway and shipping companies

North British Group, 139

as promoters of emigration, 89–93

North, Douglass, 54

railway securities, 175, 176, 207, 220, 226

Northern Pacific Railroad, 92

railways, 66, 67, 91, 92, 107, 113, 132,

133, 138, 139, 140, 149, 175, 179,

Oliver, Frank, 90

186, 205, 213, 227

Onderdonk, Andrew, 113

Ransome, Stafford, 142

Ontario, 42, 87, 90, 153, 222,

reciprocity, 28, 53, 57, 62, 79, 167, 168,

see also Toronto

171, 237

Orange Order, 87

Regina, 70

Orange River Colony, 132

regionalised integration, 63

organs, 159

remittances, 83, 97–105, 114, 157

Oriental Bank Corporation, 202

Reuters, 28, 189, 190

O’Rourke, Kevin, 10

Rhodes, Cecil, 108, 126, 192, 207

Rhodesia, 127, 191, 206

Palgrave, R. H. Inglis, 190

Ritchie, William Henry, 144

parliamentary guarantees on government

Robert Simpson department store, 222

bonds, 179

Robert Stephenson and Company, 139

Patagonia, 80

Robertson, Martin and Smith of

patent agents, 137, 144

Melbourne, 139

patents, 143, 144, 145

Rowntrees, 135

Peninsular and Oriental Steamship

Royal Colonial Institute, 94

Company (P&O), 130

Royal Commission on the Aborigines, 165

periodicals about the empire, 190–3

Royal Navy, 129, 182, 234

Phillips, Lionel, 192

rules of the game, 203

Phoenix Assurance, 225, 226

place associations, 85–9

Sacerdote, Bruce, 50

Platt, D. C. M., 212

Salomons, David, 216

Pocock, J. G. A., 33

Salvation Army, 94

290Index

Saskatchewan, 111, see also Regina,

Thomson, William, 226

Times, The, 185, 188, 189, 212

Saskatoon

Saskatoon, 70, 158, 182

Toronto, 42, 48, 205, 221, 222

Schmitz, C., 208

trade unions

Schularick, M., 177

as promoters of emigration, 96–7

Scottish investors, 208

Traders Bank of Toronto, 221

Scottish migrants, 68, 85, 86, 88, 110,

trans-nationalism, 5, 15–21, 22–6,

200, 226

105, 239

Seeley, John, 107

transport and communication

Self-Help Emigration Society, 94

revolution, 67

settler capitalism, 41

Transvaal, 71, 86, 103, 114, 127, 132,

141, 142, 210, see also Johannesburg;

settler colonies, 6, 11, 18, 28, 31, 61, 62,

68, 72, 91, 99, 101, 108, 110, 115,

Witwatersrand

117, 119, 122, 126, 132, 133, 138,

Transvaal Institute of Mining Engineers,

144, 147, 154, 165, 166, 212, 231,

142

234, 239

Treasury control, 179, 180

settler economies, 40–4, 175

trust, 15, 16, 47, 52, 53, 57, 58, 62, 79, 81,

settler societies, 8, 15, 19, 23, 25, 38, 40,

118, 134, 167, 168, 171, 198, 205,

41, 56, 76, 82, 86, 101, 117, 145, 172,

210, 212, 213, 237, 241, 243

240

Trust and Mortgage Company of Iowa,

settler utopianism, 76

207

shipping ‘rings’, 131

Trustee Acts, 179, 180

Short, Charles, 191

Tupper, Charles, 89

Sifton, Clifford, 90

Smith, Adam, 66

Union Bank of Australia, 213

Smuts, Jan, 192

Union-Castle Line, 130

social capital, 8, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 54, 55,

United Mining and Finance Corporation,

56, 79, 171, 237, 242

222

social networks, 15, 16, 17, 46, 52, 56, 72,

United States, 5, 19, 38, 39, 42, 47, 64, 68,

75, 78, 81, 204–9

71, 72, 73, 75, 77, 79, 88, 91, 92, 94,

social overhead projects, 175, 176, 225

95, 98, 99, 100, 104, 105, 108, 109,

social webs of investment, 204–9

110, 111, 120, 124, 147, 154, 158,

soft-market hypothesis, 118, 125, 167

168, 172, 186, 188, 209, 211, 221,

229, 235, 240, see also America and

South Africa, 18, 24, 28, 35, 38, 41, 42,

under individual states

48, 65, 67, 71, 73, 79, 86, 99, 100,

101, 102, 113, 114, 115, 120, 124,

Uruguay, 41, 196, 226

129, 131, 140, 141, 142, 148, 156,

Utah, 209

159, 161, 162, 164, 186, 190, 192,

219, 235, see also under individual

Vancouver, 114, 158

colonies and cities

Victoria, 42, 71, 127, 134, 139, 144, 146,

South African Colonisation Society, 95

150, 157, 160, 164, 165, 190, 202,

212, 226, see also Melbourne

South Australia, 74, 76, 140, 190, 226

Spanish Pulp and Paper Co. Ltd, 222

Victoria Falls Power Company, 142

spatial concept of empire, 22–6

Victorian Patent Office, 145

Sprigg, Gordon, 192

Villiers, Victor, 206

St. Aubyn, Guy, 207

Vincent, Edgar, 208

Standard Life Assurance Company,

226–9

W. R. and M. Foster, 157

Stead, W. T., 108, 142

Waters, Edward, 144

Sturges, 135

Weingast, Barry, 54

Suez Canal, 71

Wellington, 134

sugar, 72, 114, 169

Welsh emigration, 80, 81

Sydney, 139, 157, 158, 161

Welsh migrants, 39, 68, 80, 88, 105, 109,

110

Tasmania, 226

Wernher, Julius, 207, 208

Taverner, J. W., 212

Western Australia, 74, 132, 191, 220

291Index

Westgarth, William, 146

Willoughby, John, 207

Westminster Bank, 216

Winnipeg, 70, 87, 222

whisky, 156

Witwatersrand, 71, 141, 162, 192

Whitehall, 10, 16

Wright and Son of Birmingham,

Whitton, John, 139

140

William Hill and Sons, 159

Wright, A. W., 153

Williams, Reverend Henry, 159

Williamson, Jeffrey, 10

Zulu War of 1879, 191