362agency. 6. Finally, the idea that governments should share both risks and rewards if they

engage in VC activity is reasonable. Yet, the argument that they should do so

rests, in our view, on a flawed idea regarding what early- and later-stage finan-

ciers should do, wrongfully labeling sound investment behavior as shortsightedness.

363Collaborative Innovation Blocs and Mission-Oriented Innovation Policy: An. . .

Acknowledgments We are grateful for useful comments and suggestions from Christian Sandström, Karl Wennberg and two anonymous reviewers. Financial support from Jan Wallanders och Tom Hedelius stiftelse (grant P2018-162) and the Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation (grant 2020.0049) is gratefully acknowledged.

References

Abramowicz, M. (2003). Perfecting patent prizes. Vanderbilt Law Review, 56(1), 115–236. Acs, Z. J., & Sanders, M. (2013). Knowledge spillover entrepreneurship in an endogenous growth model. Small Business Economics, 41(4), 775–795. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-013-9506-8 Acs, Z. J., Autio, E., & Szerb, L. (2014). National systems of entrepreneurship: Measurement issues and policy implications. Research Policy, 43(3), 476–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol. 2013.08.016 Adler, J. (2011). Eyes on the climate prize: Rewarding energy innovation to achieve climate stabilization. Harvard Environmental Law Review, 35(1), 1–45. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn. 1576699 Andersen, T. M. (2008). The Scandinavian model – prospects and challenges. International Tax and Public Finance, 15(1), 45–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-007-9022-3 Andersson, F., Jordahl, H., & Josephson, J. (2019). Outsourcing public services: Contractibility, cost, and quality. CESifo Economic Studies, 65(4), 349–372. https://doi.org/10.1093/cesifo/ ifz009 Audretsch, D. B., Keilbach, M. C., & Lehmann, E. E. (2006). Entrepreneurship and economic growth. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183511.001.0001 Autio, E. (2016). Entrepreneurship support in Europe: Trends and challenges. Technical Report. Imperial College. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1857.1762 Azoulay, P., Fuchs, E., Goldstein, A. P., & Kearney, M. J. (2019). Funding breakthrough research: Promises and challenges of the “ARPA Model”. Innovation Policy and the Economy, 19(1), 69–96. https://doi.org/10.1086/699933 Baumol, W. J. (2005). Education for innovation: Entrepreneurial breakthroughs versus corporate incremental improvements. Innovation Policy and the Economy, 5, 33–56. https://doi.org/10. 1086/ipe.5.25056170 Baumol, W. J. (2010). The microtheory of innovative entrepreneurship. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt21668j9 Baumol, W. J., Litan, R. E., & Schramm, C. J. (2007). Good capitalism, bad capitalism, and the economics of growth and prosperity. Yale University Press. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn. 985843 Beltagui, A., Rosli, A., & Candi, M. (2020). Exaptation in a digital innovation ecosystem: The disruptive impacts of 3D printing. Research Policy, 49(1), 103833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. respol.2019.103833 Bertoni, F., & Tykvova, T. (2015). Does governmental venture capital spur invention and innovation? Evidence from young European biotech companies. Research Policy, 44(4), 925–935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2015.02.002 Bhidé, A. (2008). The venturesome economy: How innovation sustains prosperity in a more