Questioning_the_Entrepreneurial_State

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• (front matter) p1 · 811w
• Contents p8 · 710w
• Contributors p10 · 255w
• Part I: Introductory Chapter p13 · 282w
• Introduction p14 · 1,371w
• 1 The Contributions to the Present Volume p17 · 1,653w
• 3 Innovation Policy, Inverted p21 · 334w
• 2 Why Is the Entrepreneurial State so Popular? p21 · 342w
• 4 What Should Governments Do? p22 · 815w
• 5 Lessons from Sweden p24 · 436w
• 6 Swedish Failures Are Failures of the Entrepreneurial State p25 · 632w
• 7 Toward Credible Innovation Policy p26 · 669w
• References p27 · 677w
• Part II: The Entrepreneurial State: Theoretical Perspectives p30 · 66w
• 1 Introduction p31 · 226w
• The Entrepreneurial State and the Platform Economy p31 · 630w
• 1.1 The Entrepreneurial State as a Regulator p33 · 1,239w
• 2 Rent Is a Classical Fallacy p35 · 1,782w
• 3 Modern Fallacies p38 · 2,170w
• 4 The Techlash and the Hipster Takeover p42 · 733w
• 5 Conclusion p44 · 553w
• References p45 · 705w
• 1 Introduction p47 · 182w
• An Effectual Analysis of Markets and States p47 · 254w
• 1.1 Overview of Effectuation p48 · 372w
• 2.1 Problem Dimension One: Knightian Uncertainty p49 · 44w
• 2 Three Dimensions of the Effectual Problem Space p49 · 458w
• 2.2 Problem Dimension Two: Goal Ambiguity p50 · 985w
• 2.3 Problem Dimension Three: Isotropy p52 · 1,532w
• 3 Markets in Effectuation p55 · 418w
• 4 States in Effectuation p56 · 1,143w
• 5 Two Frameworks for Tackling Isotropy and Fostering Innovation p58 · 627w
• 5.1 Applying the Framework to Innovation Policy p60 · 549w
• 6 Markets and States as Outcomes of the Effectual Process p61 · 1,172w
• 7 The Ultimate Innovation: Goals Worth Pursuing p63 · 182w
• References p64 · 865w
• The Entrepreneurial State: An Ownership Competence Perspective p66 · 492w
• 1 Introduction p67 · 1,184w
• 2.1 The Entrepreneurial State p70 · 226w
• 2 The Myth of the Entrepreneurial State p70 · 943w
• 2.2 Policy Ineffectiveness p72 · 443w
• 2.3 The Effects of Government Ownership p73 · 353w
• 3 Ownership Competence p74 · 802w
• 4 Government Incompetence in Markets and Firms p76 · 1,429w
• 5 Concluding Remarks p79 · 614w
• References p80 · 2,323w
• 1 Introduction p85 · 247w
• Innovation Without Entrepreneurship: The Pipe Dream of Mission-Oriented Innovation Policy p85 · 1,267w
• 2 Innovation and Entrepreneurship: A Knowledge-Based View p88 · 1,940w
• 3 Market Failure and the Entrepreneurial State p91 · 1,006w
• 3.1 Bottom-Up, Top-Down, and the Role of the (Entrepreneurial) State p93 · 316w
• 3.2 The Evaluation of a Mission p94 · 1,499w
• 4 External Validity and Scalability: The Problem with Arguing from Anecdote p96 · 498w
• 5 Concluding Remarks: Can Missions Work? p97 · 335w
• References p98 · 829w
• Part III: The Entrepreneurial State, Entrepreneurial Universities, and Startups p100 · 104w
• 1 Introduction p101 · 170w
• Building Local Innovation Support Systems: Theory and Practice p101 · 315w
• 2 The Umeå Region Innovation System: Organizing Entrepreneurial Judgment p102 · 177w
• 2.1 Academic Innovation Support in Practice p103 · 1,929w
• 3.2 Direct Support in Solving Problems p107 · 37w
• 3.1 Information and Nudging for Utilization p107 · 44w
• 3 Incubator Support Action in Practice: A Conceptual Discussion p107 · 409w
• 3.4 Networking and Providing Creative Arenas p108 · 156w
• 3.3 Coaching Along the Startup Process p108 · 39w
• 4 Conceptual Rationales Behind Public Support Systems for Innovation p109 · 1,019w
• 4.1 Direct Interventions May Run the Risk of Causing Market Distortions p111 · 182w
• 5 Discussion and Conclusions p112 · 213w
• 4.2 Focus on Favorable Conditions p112 · 245w
• 5.1 Direct Support with Limits p113 · 320w
• References p114 · 729w
• 1 Introduction p116 · 188w
• Reducing Higher Education Bureaucracy and Reclaiming the Entrepreneurial University p116 · 738w
• 2 Regulation and Bureaucratization in Higher Education p119 · 989w
• 2.1 Regulations and Bureaucracy Specific to Business Schools p121 · 291w
• 3 Reclaiming the Entrepreneurial University: Leading Anti-Bureaucracy Policies and Practices across Levels in Higher Education p122 · 734w
• 3.1 Federal Level p123 · 209w
• 3.3 University Level p124 · 220w
• 3.2 State Level p124 · 75w
• 3.4 Business School Level p125 · 670w
• 3.5 Business Unit Level p126 · 264w
• 3.7 Non-University Level p127 · 278w
• 3.6 Individual Level p127 · 311w
• 4.1 Calculate Bureaucratic Mass p128 · 131w
• 4 Toward Best Practices in Higher Education p128 · 60w
• 4.3 Implement Technology Solutions p129 · 258w
• 4.2 Calculate the Time Burden for Stakeholders p129 · 781w
• 4.5 Make Better Decisions p131 · 153w
• 4.4 Lead Change Management Efforts across all Levels p131 · 432w
• 4.6 Reduce Bureaucracy by Staying Close to Customers and Pursuing Open Innovation p132 · 587w
• 5 Conclusion and Future Research Directions p133 · 970w
• References p135 · 930w
• 1 Introduction p138 · 163w
• Cultural Ideals in the Entrepreneurship Industry p138 · 616w
• 2.2 Cultural Ideals p140 · 242w
• 2.1 The Entrepreneurship Industry from a Cultural Perspective p140 · 25w
• 2 Theoretical Background p140 · 263w
• 3 Methods p141 · 206w
• 4.1 The Entrepreneurship Industry in Sweden p142 · 63w
• 4 Findings: Production of Entrepreneurship Culture in the Entrepreneurship Industry p142 · 252w
• 4.2 Entrepreneurship as a Positive Cultural Ideal p143 · 985w
• 4.3 Emergence of Entrepreneurship as a Cultural Ideal p146 · 1,093w
• 4.4 Language and Looks as Visual Attributes of the Entrepreneurship Ideal p148 · 1,792w
• 4.5 Consequences of the Entrepreneurship Ideal p152 · 1,299w
• 5.1 Alternative Investments if the Outcome Is Culture Not Profit p155 · 163w
• 5 Discussion p155 · 374w
• 5.2 Problems of Discrimination and the Need for Evidence-Based Advice p156 · 424w
• 6 Conclusion p157 · 740w
• References p158 · 930w
• Evaluating Evaluations of Innovation Policy: Exploring Reliability, Methods, and Conflicts of Interest p161 · 459w
• 1 Introduction p162 · 488w
• 2 Background: Evaluation as a Practice p163 · 37w
• 3 Empirical Setting: Innovation Policy in Sweden p164 · 330w
• 2.1 Different Evaluators p164 · 304w
• 4 Results p165 · 273w
• 4.1 Evaluators of Innovation Policy p166 · 339w
• 4.2 Evaluation Methods and Data Sources p167 · 633w
• 4.3 Evaluating Actors and Employed Methods p169 · 545w
• 5 Discussion p171 · 612w
• 5.1 What May Underlie Differences in Evaluations of Innovation Policy? p172 · 379w
• 5.2 Future Research p173 · 479w
• 5.3 Policy Recommendations p174 · 416w
• Fischer´s Exact Test, Evaluating Actor and Evaluations of Public Innovation Policies p175 · 25w
• Appendices p175 · 80w
• 6 Conclusion p175 · 132w
• References p176 · 225w
• Logistic Regression, Outcome Variable: Positive Policy Judgment p176 · 531w
• Do Targeted RandD Grants toward SMEs Increase Employment and Demand for High Human Capital Workers? p178 · 519w
• 1 Background p179 · 802w
• 2 Effects of Targeted RandD Grant Programs on Labor Demand p181 · 1,097w
• 3 Data and Programs Analyzed p183 · 820w
• 4.1 Matching p185 · 29w
• 4 Empirical Method p185 · 824w
• 4.2 A Difference-in-Difference Analysis p187 · 880w
• 5.1 Effects of Targeted RandD Grants on Number of Employees p189 · 114w
• 5 Results p189 · 346w
• 5.2 Effects of Targeted RandD Grants on Employees with Higher Education p191 · 569w
• 5.3 Post-Treatment Effects p192 · 873w
• 6 Discussion and Conclusions p195 · 2,221w
• References p199 · 762w
• Part IV: The Entrepreneurial State and Sustainability Transitions p202 · 257w
• Third-Generation Innovation Policy: System Transformation or Reinforcing Business as Usual? p203 · 97w
• 2 Background p204 · 296w
• 1 Introduction p204 · 883w
• 3 System Transformation p206 · 290w
• 3.2 Institutions and the Role of Embedded Agency p207 · 215w
• 3.1 Technology Transitions as Creative Destruction p207 · 389w
• 3.3 Resistance and Regulatory Capture p208 · 201w
• 4.1 The Strategic Innovation Programs (SIP) in Sweden p209 · 269w
• 4 The Role of Policy in Technology Transitions: Empirical Illustrations p209 · 758w
• 4.3 Top Sectors in the Netherlands p212 · 390w
• 4.2 Strategic Centers for Science, Technology, and Innovation (SHOK) in Finland p212 · 147w
• 4.4 Competence Centers for Excellent Technologies in Austria p213 · 568w
• 4.5 Networks of Centers of Excellence (NCE) in Canada p214 · 681w
• 5 Discussion p215 · 888w
• 6 Conclusions p217 · 558w
• References p218 · 471w
• 1 . Introduction p220 · 189w
• Less from More: China Built Wind Power, but Gained Little Electricity p220 · 971w
• 2 The Context: China´s Historical Wind Power Development p222 · 427w
• 3.1 Technological Development: Patents at Home but Not Abroad p224 · 52w
• 3 Two Cases: Powerplants Without Output, and Low Technological Development p224 · 651w
• 3.2 Wind Curtailment: When a Power Plant Is Not Working or Unconnected p226 · 307w
• 4 Discussion p227 · 1,083w
• 5 Conclusion p229 · 427w
• References p230 · 1,521w
• The Failures of the Entrepreneurial State: Subsidies to Renewable Energies in Europe p233 · 521w
• 1 Introduction p234 · 501w
• 2 The Growth of Renewable Energy Sources of Electricity in the European Union p236 · 921w
• 3 Are Green Subsidies an Efficient Environmental Policy? p238 · 1,435w
• 4 Are Green Subsidies an Effective Industrial Policy? p241 · 817w
• 5 Are Green Subsidies an Effective Social Policy? p243 · 1,034w
• 6 From the Entrepreneurial State to the Entrepreneurial Central Bank p245 · 313w
• 7 Conclusion p246 · 999w
• References p248 · 1,194w
• Directionality in Innovation Policy and the Ongoing Failure of Green Deals: Evidence from Biogas, Bio-ethanol, and Fossil-Free... p251 · 143w
• 2 Theoretical Background p252 · 325w
• 1 Introduction p252 · 787w
• 3.1 Investments in Biogas p254 · 121w
• 3 Two Historical Cases of Policy Failure: Biogas and Ethanol p254 · 231w
• 3.2 Ethanol from Cellulose p255 · 1,052w
• 4 The European Union, Hydrogen Gas, and Fossil-Free Steel p257 · 460w
• 4.2 Hydrogen Production p258 · 159w
• 4.1 Hybrit and Green Steel p258 · 246w
• 4.3 Hydrogen Steel and Electricity Consumption p259 · 449w
• 5.1 Public Funds and the Economics of Incentive Distortion p260 · 247w
• 5 Analysis and Discussion p260 · 822w
• 5.3 Public Sector Inefficiencies and the Risk of Corruption p262 · 207w
• 5.2 Indirect and Hidden Costs p262 · 413w
• 5.4 Hydrogen Steel: A Risk for Both the Environment and the Economy p263 · 87w
• 5.6 Repeating the Mistakes of Biogas and Ethanol p264 · 372w
• 5.5 A Threat to the Economy and Free Competition? p264 · 136w
• 5.7 EU Funds Result in Environmental Nationalism p265 · 739w
• 6 Conclusion p266 · 352w
• References p267 · 755w
• Part V: From the Entrepreneurial State Towards Evidence-Based Innovation Policy p270 · 92w
• 1 Introduction p271 · 155w
• Policy Instruments for High-Growth Enterprises p271 · 272w
• 2.1 Stylized Facts on HGEs p272 · 4w
• 2 HGE Policy Instruments p272 · 1,103w
• 2.2 Rationales for Policy Intervention p274 · 481w
• 2.3 Key Issues Regarding HGE Policy Instruments p275 · 942w
• 2.4 An Overview of Areas Relating to HGE Policy Instruments p277 · 3,583w
• 3.1 HGE Policy Instruments that Have Been Successful p285 · 111w
• 3 Best Practices and Areas for Improvement p285 · 1,019w
• 3.2 HGE Policy Instruments: Areas for Improvement p287 · 385w
• 4.1 Critical Listening p288 · 81w
• 4 Conclusion p288 · 194w
• 4.3 Up or Out: Get the Incentives Right p289 · 182w
• 4.2 Identify the Decision Points p289 · 723w
• References p291 · 233w
• 4.4 The Need for Coordinated Policy p291 · 2,644w
• Public-Steering and Private-Performing Sectors: Success and Failures in the Swedish Finance, Telecoms, and City Planning Secto... p297 · 458w
• 1 Introduction p298 · 490w
• 1.1 Reforms in Sweden in the 1980s: Success and Failure p299 · 648w
• 2.1 The Case of Televerket Versus Comvik p301 · 122w
• 2 The Three Cases p301 · 897w
• 2.2 Overcoming Vested Interests in Finance: Optionsmäklarna and the Stockholm Stock Exchange p303 · 1,119w
• 2.3 The Case of the Municipal Planning Monopoly p305 · 1,485w
• 3 Discussion p308 · 636w
• 4 Conclusion p310 · 551w
• References p311 · 1,223w
• 1 Introduction p314 · 173w
• The Digital Platform Economy and the Entrepreneurial State: A European Dilemma p314 · 1,227w
• 2 Background p317 · 1,488w
• 3 The Platform Economy p320 · 768w
• 3.1 Europe vs the World p322 · 1,014w
• 3.2 European Countries p325 · 1,873w
• 3.3 The United Kingdom and Germany p331 · 1,549w
• 4 Discussion p334 · 802w
• 5 Conclusion p336 · 506w
• References p338 · 1,604w
• 1 Introduction p342 · 193w
• Collaborative Innovation Blocs and Mission-Oriented Innovation Policy: An Ecosystem Perspective p342 · 1,893w
• 2 How Does Innovation Come About in the CIB? p346 · 489w
• 3 How Do ``Modest´´ Interventions Affect CIBs? p348 · 1,084w
• 4.1 From Picking Winners to Picking the Willing p350 · 317w
• 4 How Does Mission-Driven Innovation Policy Affect CIBs? p350 · 942w
• 4.2 From Fixing Markets to Actively Co-Shaping them p352 · 287w
• 4.3 From Fearing Failure to Welcoming Experimentation p353 · 1,308w
• 4.4 From a Focus on Quantity of Finance to a Focus on Quality p355 · 264w
• 4.5 Engagement p356 · 516w
• 4.6 From De-risking to Sharing Both Risks and Rewards p357 · 1,206w
• 5 Conclusion p359 · 415w
• References p360 · 1,538w